Auxiliary verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of a sentence. Here are a few examples of auxiliary verbs:
Tom has lived in Boston for twenty years.
They didn't come to the party last night.
I was cooking dinner when you telephoned.
What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?
Knowing correct auxiliary verb usage is key to tense usage. Every tense takes an auxiliary form of the verb. There are three exceptions to this rule:
1. Simple present positive: She works at a bank.
2. Simple past positive: He bought a new TV last week.
3. Positive imperative statements: Hurry up!
There are also a number of short forms that take ONLY the auxiliary form of the verb:
• Yes / No answer short forms:
Do you live in England? - No, I don't.
Has she been to Paris? - Yes, she has.
• Question tags:
They enjoy learning English, don't they?
He won't agree with me, will he?
• Positive agreement / inclusion:
I went to the beach last weekend. - So did I.
I'm working very hard at the moment. - So is she.
• Negative agreement / inclusion:
They haven't worked here long. - Neither have I.
We won't be able to come next week. - Neither will I.
Here is a quick overview of auxiliary verb usage:
DO / DOES
Used simple present question and negative forms:
What time does he get up?
They don't drive to work. They take the bus.
DID
Used in simple past question and negative forms:
When did they arrive yesterday?
He didn't finish his homework last week.
IS / ARE / AM
Used in present continuous and for the future with 'going to':
They are working hard at the moment.
She is going to study medicine at university.
WAS / WERE
Past continuous:
I was watching TV when you arrived.
What were they doing while you were cooking dinner?
HAVE / HAS
Present perfect and present perfect continuous:
How long have you lived here?
I've been working since seven this morning.
HAD
Past perfect and past perfect continuous:
He had eaten by the time I arrived.
She had been studying for two hours when he finally telephoned.
WILL / WON'T
Future with 'will':
What will the weather be like tomorrow?
He won't understand.
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Verb Formation Chart
By Kenneth Beare, About.com Guide
See More About:
• grammar guide
• comparative and superlative forms
• present forms
• continuous forms
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The following chart shows the positive, negative and question forms of the main tenses in English with a brief description of each tense's usage. Please note that for a better understanding of the tense forms you should follow the links to pages focusing on the specific tense. This chart is principally for comparison purposes. You may also find the visual guide to tenses useful for help in understanding tense usage.
TENSE Simple Past
FORMS:
She went to Paris last week.
They didn't (did not) drive to work.
Where did she get that hat?
USES:
Actions happening at a defined moment in the past. More
TENSE Simple Future
FORMS:
I'll (will) meet you at the airport tomorrow.
He won't (will not) be able to come.
Will they visit us soon?
USES:
Decisions made at the moment about the future, future predictions, future promises More
TENSE Present Continuous
FORMS:
He's (is) working at the moment.
They aren't (are not) coming this evening.
What are you doing?
USES:
Actions happening at the present moment. Near future intention and scheduling. More
TENSE Past Continuous
FORMS:
I was watching TV when you called.
He wasn't (was not) working when she arrived.
What were you doing when I called?
USES:
Interrupted past action, action happening at a specific moment in time in the past. More
TENSE Future Continuous
FORMS:
I'll (will) be cooking dinner when you arrive.
They won't (will not) be living in Paris this time next year.
What will you be doing next week at this time?
USES:
Future action at a specific moment in the future. More
TENSE Future with Going to
FORMS:
He's (is) going to fly to Boston next week.
They're (are) not going to invite the Browns.
Where are you going to stay?
USES:
Future intent or planned action More
TENSE Present Perfect
FORMS:
I've (have) seen Mick three times this week.
She hasn't (has not) been to New York.
How long have you worked at Smith's?
USES:
1)To express an action that was begun in the past and continues into the present. 2) To express an action that happened in the UNspecified past. 3) To express a recent action that has a present effect. More
TENSE Past Perfect
FORMS:
I'd (had) already eaten before they came.
She hadn't (had not) been to Rome before that trip.
Had you ever seen such a crazy lady before that?
USES:
To express an action that happens before another action in the past. More
TENSE Future Perfect
FORMS:
We'll (will) have lived here for twenty years by 2005.
She won't (will not) have finished her homework by the time we arrive.
How long will you have lived in France by the end of next year?
USES:
To express what will have happened or how long something will have happened up to a certain point in the future. More
TENSE Present Perfect Continuous
FORMS:
She's (has) been waiting for over three hours.
They haven't (have not) been studying for long.
How long have you been working on that problem?
USES:
To express the duration of a continuous activity begun in the past and continuing into the present. More
TENSE Past Perfect Continuous
FORMS:
She'd (had) been waiting for three hours when he finally arrived.
I hadn't (had not) been sleeping for long when I heard the doorbell ring.
How long had you been playing tennis when she arrived?
USES:
To express the duration of a continuous activity begun before another activity in the past. More
TENSE Future Perfect Continuous
FORMS:
He'll (will) have been sleeping for a few hours by the time we arrive.
She won't (will not) have been working for long by 5 o'clock.
How long will you have been driving by 6 o'clock?
USES:
To express the duration of an activity up to a point of time in the future.